Schlagwörter: Cultural issues, Basic global trends, Hopes, Fears, Global warming, International peacekeeping, Referat, Hausaufgabe, Globalization (Globalisation, Referat Englisch) Themengleiche Dokumente anzeigen
Referat
Globalization (Globalisation, Referat Englisch)
The term globalization refers to the process of increasing international integration in many areas (economy, politics, culture, environment, communication), between individuals, societies, institutions and states. The term was probably coined in the 1960s. From around 1986 onwards, numerous German-language books appeared that used globalization in their title.
Colonialism in many European countries is regarded as the precursor of globalization. He began with the discovery of new sea routes and countries. Portugal and Spain were the main players for centuries. England soon became the world's leading maritime power (British Empire) after Napoleon's end. From about 1880 to 1914, many European countries tried to bring or keep colonies under their influence. Japan tried this until 1945. Decolonization began after the Second World War. In 1960, the African Year, 18 African states gained independence. Since then, ex-colonies can have trade relations with other countries. The fall of the Iron Curtain and the end of the Cold War has significantly changed the geopolitical situation and this has influenced globalisation.
Cultural issues:
values,
lifestyles,
communication (nur GK)
Economic, ecological and cultural issues and their political consequences
Modern means of transport
Highly advanced communication systems
globalized world
People are more connected (communication networks)
Enterprises operate on a global scale instead of a national scale → global spread of ideas
Global economy → free trade, flow of money and easy access to cheaper markets (Asia e.g. sweatshops in developing countries produce cheap goods for the global market / assembly lines → inequalities between the rich and the poor
Rising for India and China as economic rivals for the UK and USA
The threat of global warming (e.g. polar bears)
The increasing mobility of people
Flow of money and goods between international markets and production
Basic global trends:
Economic (multinational companies, global players who look for the cheapest production, speed and profit is more important than their employee’s welfare)
Technological (people communicate more easily by computer or mobile phones; rapid advances)
Cultural (spread of national cultural things around the world e.g. sports and music; technology)
Hopes
Developing countries:
work, prosperity
spread of freedom, democracy + human rights
→ Universal values, general economic prosperity + ecological stability
Fears
Developing countries:
increasing dependence
negative cultural influences
manipulation through mass media
Developed countries:
illegal immigration
uncontrolled economy
→ inequality + pollution
“survival of the fittest “ (gap between rich + poor)
Global warming:
Increase in the Earth’s temperature
→ human activities: carbon dioxide, methane, other greenhouse gases
International peacekeeping:
The United Nations:
global organization
aims: promote international security, peace, justice, human rights + economic development
representatives from 192 nations
Non-governmental organizations (NGO’s)
independent of the government
issues: emergency aid / humanitarian support
America’s responsibility:
The US - a global superpower
US role: global policeman or helping hand
Lead the world to democracy
Protect US global interests
Build up a more cooperative world
Protect the US homeland
Permanent member of the UN in the Security Council
Interferes and intervenes in foreign affairs (e.g. Middle East)
Wants to control, build up democratic and free societies
Responsible for human rights and peace → uses military power in own self-interest because the USA profits from raw materials
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